In 1994, the landmark Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) reported rates of combined minimal, moderate, and complete impotence at 52%. Complete impotence tripled from 5% to 15% in men between 40 and 70 years old. Erectile dysfunction was most strongly related to age, health status (such as high blood pressure), diabetes, and heart disease, as well as to emotional function, such as anger and depression.